var is function scoped and let is block scoped. Let's say you have:
function understanding_var() {
if (1 == 1) {
var x = 5;
console.log('the value of x inside the if statement is ' + x);
}
console.log(x);
}
//output: the value of x inside the if statement is 5
5
function understanding_let() {
if (1 == 1) {
let x = 5;
console.log('the value of x inside the if statement is ' + x);
}
console.log(x);
}
//output: the value of x inside the if statement is 5
Uncaught ReferenceError: x is not defined
var is defined throughout the entire function, even if it's inside the if
statement, but the scope of let is always within the curly braces, not outside
it, even if the conditional statement is inside the function.
//let
1. It's used in block-scoped.
2. It does not allow to redeclare variables.
3. Hoisting does not occur in let.
// var
1. It's used in function scoped.
2. It allows to redeclare variables.
3. Hoisting occurs in var.
------------------Differences------------------ var let
Global Scope Yes No
Can be changed outside statement where made in Yes No
Block Scope No Yes
let = 10 // accessable only in defined scope
var = 10 // accessable in the function it is declared in (global variable in a function)
function run() {
var foo = "Foo";
let bar = "Bar";
console.log(foo, bar);
{
let baz = "Bazz";
console.log(baz);
}
console.log(baz); // ReferenceError
}
run();
/* DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LET AND VAR */
//LET EXAMPLE
{
let a = 123;
};
console.log(a); // undefined
//VAR EXAMPLE
{
var a = 123;
};
console.log(a); // 123
var makes a grobal variable
let makes a local variable
In simple words 'var' is function scoped and 'let' is block scoped