SELECT name
, population
, area
FROM world
WHERE (area > 3000000 AND population <= 250000000)
OR (area <= 3000000 AND population > 250000000)
A xor B = (not A and B) or (A and not B)
A B | f = notA and B | g = A and notB | f or g | A xor B
----+----------------+----------------+--------+--------
0 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1
1 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1
1 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0